Hindi Vyakaran Advanced | Class 6 hindi — School Syllabus

What you'll learn

The four main building blocks of Hindi grammar: Sangya, Sarvanam, Visheshan, and Kriya
Types within each category with Hindi examples and English transliterations
How to identify and use these parts of speech in Hindi sentences

Key concepts

1. संज्ञा — Sangya (Nouns)

A Sangya is a word used to name a person, place, thing, feeling, or quality. It is the most fundamental part of a Hindi sentence.

Three main types of Sangya:

Type	Hindi Name	Meaning	Examples
Vyaktivaachak	व्यक्तिवाचक	Proper Noun — name of a specific person/place	राम (Ram), दिल्ली (Delhi), गंगा (Ganga)
Jaativaachak	जातिवाचक	Common Noun — names a class or category	लड़का (ladka — boy), नदी (nadi — river), पेड़ (ped — tree)
Bhaavvaachak	भाववाचक	Abstract Noun — names a feeling, quality, or state	खुशी (khushi — happiness), ईमानदारी (imaandaari — honesty), बुढ़ापा (budhapa — old age)

Examples in sentences:

व्यक्तिवाचक: राम स्कूल जाता है। (Ram goes to school.)
जातिवाचक: लड़के मैदान में खेल रहे हैं। (Boys are playing in the field.)
भाववाचक: उसकी ईमानदारी की सभी प्रशंसा करते हैं। Everyone praises his honesty.

Tip: Vyaktivaachak nouns are always capitalised in Roman script (Ram, Delhi). Jaativaachak and Bhaavvaachak are not.

2. सर्वनाम — Sarvanam (Pronouns)

A Sarvanam is a word used in place of a noun to avoid repetition. Hindi has 6 types of pronouns.

Type	Hindi Name	Examples	Usage
Purushvaachak	पुरुषवाचक	मैं, हम, तू, तुम, आप, वह, वे	Refers to 1st/2nd/3rd person
Nishchayvachak	निश्चयवाचक	यह, वह, ये, वे	Points to a specific person/thing
Anishchayvachak	अनिश्चयवाचक	कोई, कुछ	Refers to unknown person/thing
Sambandhhvaachak	संबंधवाचक	जो … सो, जैसा … वैसा	Shows relation between two clauses
Prashvaachak	प्रश्नवाचक	कौन, क्या	Used to ask questions
Nijvaachak	निजवाचक	आप, स्वयं, खुद	Refers to the subject itself (reflexive)

Purushvaachak (Personal Pronouns) — detailed breakdown:

Person	Singular	Plural
First (I/We)	मैं (main)	हम (hum)
Second (You)	तू (tu) / तुम (tum) / आप (aap)	तुम / आप
Third (He/She/They)	वह (vah)	वे (ve)

Note: Hindi has three levels of 'you': तू (intimate/informal), तुम (familiar), आप (formal/respectful).

Examples in sentences:

मैं स्कूल जाता हूँ। (I go to school.)
कोई दरवाज़े पर है। (Someone is at the door.)
जो मेहनत करता है, सो फल पाता है। Whoever works hard, that person gets results.

3. विशेषण — Visheshan (Adjectives)

A Visheshan is a word that describes or qualifies a noun (Sangya) or pronoun (Sarvanam). Hindi has 4 main types.

Type	Hindi Name	What it describes	Examples
Gunavaachak	गुणवाचक	Quality/property	अच्छा (good), सुंदर (beautiful), लाल (red)
Sankhyavaachak	संख्यावाचक	Number/quantity	दो (two), पाँच (five), कई (several)
Parimanaavaachak	परिमाणवाचक	Measurement/amount	थोड़ा (a little), बहुत (much), कम (less)
Sarvanamikvishishan	सार्वनामिक	Derived from pronoun	यह किताब (this book), वह घर (that house)

Examples in sentences:

लाल फूल बहुत सुंदर है। The red flower is very beautiful. (Gunavaachak)
मेरे पास तीन पेंसिल हैं। I have three pencils. (Sankhyavaachak)
उसने थोड़ा पानी पिया। He drank a little water. (Parimanaavaachak)
यह लड़की होशियार है। This girl is clever. (Sarvanamikvishishan)

Grammar rule: In Hindi, the adjective generally comes before the noun it describes, just like in English.

4. क्रिया — Kriya (Verbs)

A Kriya is a word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being. Hindi verbs are of two main types.

Type	Hindi Name	Definition	Test
Sakarmak	सकर्मक	Transitive — the action passes to an object	Ask "क्या?" (what?) or "किसे?" (whom?) after the verb
Akarmak	अकर्मक	Intransitive — no object needed	The action is complete in itself

Sakarmak Kriya examples:

Sentence	Verb	Object	Translation
राम खाना खाता है।	खाता है (eat)	खाना (food)	Ram eats food.
सीता किताब पढ़ती है।	पढ़ती है (read)	किताब (book)	Sita reads a book.
माँ चाय बनाती है।	बनाती है (make)	चाय (tea)	Mother makes tea.

Akarmak Kriya examples:

Sentence	Verb	Translation
बच्चा रोता है।	रोता है (cry)	The child cries.
पक्षी उड़ते हैं।	उड़ते हैं (fly)	Birds fly.
वह सोता है।	सोता है (sleep)	He sleeps.

Quick test: If you can ask "What?" or "Whom?" after the verb and get an answer from the sentence, the verb is Sakarmak. If not, it is Akarmak.

Quick check

Answer the following questions:

Identify the type of Sangya in the word "ईमानदारी" (imaandaari — honesty): is it Vyaktivaachak, Jaativaachak, or Bhaavvaachak?
Which type of Sarvanam (pronoun) is used in this sentence? — "कोई आया है।" (Someone has come.)
Name the four types of Visheshan (adjectives) in Hindi.
Look at the sentence: "वह दूध पीता है।" (He drinks milk.) Is the verb Sakarmak or Akarmak? How do you know?
Fill in the blank with the correct Sarvanam: "_____ मेहनत करता है, उसे सफलता मिलती है।" (Whoever works hard gets success.) — Which pronoun fits here and what type is it?

Open the Practice tab for graded questions on Hindi Vyakaran (Grammar).